(A) not for the speed and the path of their movement
(B) not for the speed and path of its movement
(C) not the speed and path of its movement
(D) and not the speed and path of their movements
(E) and not for the speed and the path of its movements
Solution:
Idioms + Parallelism + Pronoun
In A and D, there is pronoun error ...storm's structure (singular noun)...their (plural)...
In B, for gauging the (X and Y) not for the (P and Q) usage of for second time is not idiomatic.
for the X not the Y is idiomatic.
In E, gauging the (X and Y), and not for the (P and Q), usage of and and for is awkward.
In C, gauging the (X and Y) not the (P and Q) is parallel as well as idiomatic. Hence, C is the best choice.
In the non underlined part, treatment of data as plural due to usage of are useful violates subject-verb agreement. The data collected by weather airplanes that fly into the heart of a hurricane are useful.
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