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Average speed equals total distance divided by total time. Do not average segment speeds directly. Example: travel distance D out at 30 mph and return at 90 mph. Total distance is 2D; total time is D/30 + D/90. Average speed = (2D) ÷ (D/30 + D/90) = 45 mph overall.
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Speed and average speed problems look simple but require careful attention. Average speed is always total distance divided by total time. When equal distances are traveled at two speeds, do not take the arithmetic mean; compute using the whole journey. During your GMAT prep course, master this by rewriting every scenario as total distance over total time, including multi-leg trips, uphill and downhill segments, and variable speeds. This habit reduces errors and makes advanced word problems manageable. Reinforce accuracy and pacing through timed sets and full GMAT Practice Tests, so aggregating distance and time becomes automatic under exam pressure.
The basic formula of speed is simple: Speed = Distance ÷ Time. This forms the foundation of all related questions.
When extended to journeys that include multiple segments, we use Average Speed = Total Distance ÷ Total Time.
Remember that the key lies in considering the entire journey as one complete process rather than treating each segment in isolation.
Let the one-way distance be D. On the onward journey, the speed is 40 miles per hour, so time taken is D/40. On the return journey, the speed is 60 miles per hour, and time taken is D/60.
Thus, Average Speed = (2D) ÷ (D/40 + D/60).
The Ds cancel, and solving this gives 48 miles per hour.
The example highlights that average speed cannot be found by simply averaging 40 and 60. The correct approach is to use the total distance and total time. This principle holds true in all speed-based problems, including those involving multiple legs, changes in speed, or even uphill and downhill paths. To gain mastery, it is important to practice regularly. You can strengthen this concept and many more by working through GMAT simulation, which give you a real sense of pacing and accuracy under exam-like conditions.
Average speed teaches a simple lesson: results depend on the whole journey, not the fastest mile. In GMAT preparation, design a steady cadence. Short daily blocks, review of mistakes, and periodic full-length checks raise your true pace. In the business school application, keep a consistent throughput. Draft, refine, gather evidence, and coordinate readers so the total time carries a complete story. In life, choose a rhythm you can sustain, protect recovery, and avoid detours that look quick but extend the trip. Progress is distance divided by time. Travel, one measured step after another, and your average will rise with certainty.
